Global Ag-Climate Atlas: 40 Greenhouse Climate Hubs

52.0°N

Bleiswijk, Netherlands

34-40 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-9 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Geothermal + CHP) Winter Heating Load Maritime Temperate (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 34-40
Winter DLI: 34-40 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-9

52.0°N

Naaldwijk (Westland East), Netherlands

35-41 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-10 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Smart Grid Heat Network) Winter Heating Load Maritime Temperate (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 35-41
Winter DLI: 35-41 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-10

52.0°N

Westland, Netherlands

35-42 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-10 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (35-45 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Maritime Temperate (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 35-42
Winter DLI: 35-42 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-10

51.4°N

Straelen / Lower Rhine, Germany

36-42 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 5-9 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Very High (40-50 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Continental Transition (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 36-42
Winter DLI: 36-42 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 5-9

49.5°N

Nürnberg / Knoblauchsland, Bavaria

38-45 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 7.2-10.5 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Biomass CHP (~35-42 m³ gas-eq/m²/yr) Winter Heating Benchmark Warm-Summer Humid (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 38-45
Winter DLI: 38-45 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 7.2-10.5

49.1°N

Delta / Fraser Valley, BC, Canada

36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-11 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Hydro-Electric & Natural Gas) Winter Heating Load Pacific Maritime (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 36-44
Winter DLI: 36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 6-11

48.4°N

Brittany (Finistère), France

32-38 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 7-11 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Moderate-High (30-38 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Hyper-Maritime Cool Summer (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 32-38
Winter DLI: 32-38 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 7-11

42.0°N

Leamington / Kingsville, Ontario, Canada

40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 8-14 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Extreme (45-60 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Humid Continental (Dfa)

Summer DLI: 40-48
Winter DLI: 40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 8-14

38.2°N

Morehead (Appalachian Basin), Kentucky, USA

38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 10-16 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Winter Snow & Sub-Zero Peaks) Winter Heating Load Humid Subtropical (Cfa)

Summer DLI: 38-46
Winter DLI: 38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 10-16

38.0°N

Murcia (Campo de Cartagena), Spain

48-56 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 15-20 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (5-10 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Semi-Arid Mediterranean (BSk)

Summer DLI: 48-56
Winter DLI: 48-56 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 15-20

36.9°N

Antalya (Aksu & Kumluca), Turkey

50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Coal / Biomass Peaking) Winter Heating Load Mediterranean Hot Summer (Csa)

Summer DLI: 50-58
Winter DLI: 50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22

36.9°N

Ragusa / Vittoria, Sicily, Italy

52-60 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 18-24 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Very Low (Frost Protection Only) Winter Heating Load Hot Mediterranean (Csa)

Summer DLI: 52-60
Winter DLI: 52-60 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 18-24

36.9°N

Shouguang, Shandong, China

42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Passive Thermal Wall (CSG Soil/Brick Storage) Winter Heating Load Monsoon Continental (Dwa)

Summer DLI: 42-50
Winter DLI: 42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20

36.8°N

Almería (Campo de Dalías), Spain

50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Minimal (0-5 m³ gas/m²/yr) Winter Heating Load Hot Semi-Arid Mediterranean (BSh)

Summer DLI: 50-58
Winter DLI: 50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22

36.7°N

Salinas Valley, California, USA

42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low-Moderate (Marine Layer Protection) Winter Heating Load Cool-Summer Mediterranean (Csb)

Summer DLI: 42-50
Winter DLI: 42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22

36.2°N

Buyeo (Geum River Basin), South Korea

36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-17 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Winter Heating Essential) Winter Heating Load Continental Monsoon (Dwa)

Summer DLI: 36-44
Winter DLI: 36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-17

36.2°N

Nonsan, Chungnam, South Korea

36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-17 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Night Minimum 8°C Gutter Heating) Winter Heating Load Continental Monsoon (Dfa)

Summer DLI: 36-44
Winter DLI: 36-44 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-17

35.8°N

Gimje Smart Farm Valley, South Korea

38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-18 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Sub-Zero Winter Cold Waves -12°C) Winter Heating Load Continental Monsoon (Dfa)

Summer DLI: 38-46
Winter DLI: 38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 12-18

35.5°N

Miryang, Gyeongnam, South Korea

40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Moderate (Southern Solar Basin) Winter Heating Load Humid Subtropical (Cfa)

Summer DLI: 40-48
Winter DLI: 40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20

35.0°N

Ierapetra, Crete, Greece

54-62 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 20-25 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Near-Zero (Sub-Tropical Winter) Winter Heating Load Warm Semi-Arid Aegean (BSh)

Summer DLI: 54-62
Winter DLI: 54-62 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 20-25

34.9°N

Santa Maria, California, USA

45-52 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 18-24 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Mild Winter 5-8°C Min) Winter Heating Load Mediterranean Marine (Csb)

Summer DLI: 45-52
Winter DLI: 45-52 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 18-24

34.8°N

Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan

40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-19 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Moderate (Pacific Coastal Winter) Winter Heating Load Humid Subtropical Pacific (Cfa)

Summer DLI: 40-48
Winter DLI: 40-48 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-19

33.6°N

Kochi (Tosa Bay), Japan

42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low-Moderate (Warm Kuroshio Current) Winter Heating Load Humid Subtropical High Sunshine (Cfa)

Summer DLI: 42-50
Winter DLI: 42-50 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22

32.4°N

Marana & Tucson, Arizona, USA

52-60 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 24-30 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Hyper-Extreme Cooling Load Summer HVAC Challenge Hot Desert (BWh)

Summer DLI: 52-60
Winter DLI: 52-60 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 24-30

30.5°N

Arava Valley / Ein Yahav, Israel

58-68 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 24-30 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Thermal Mass Storage) Winter Heating Load Hyper-Arid Rift Valley (BWh, -100m MSL)

Summer DLI: 58-68
Winter DLI: 58-68 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 24-30

30.4°N

Souss-Massa Valley (Agadir), Morocco

50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 20-26 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Coastal Frost-Free) Winter Heating Load Hot Semi-Arid Atlantic (BSh)

Summer DLI: 50-58
Winter DLI: 50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 20-26

25.0°N

Kunming (Spring City), Yunnan, China

38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 22-28 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Very Low (No Severe Winter) Winter Heating Load Subtropical Highland (Cwb, 1,900m)

Summer DLI: 38-46
Winter DLI: 38-46 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 22-28

24.8°N

Culiacán (Sinaloa Valley), Mexico

50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 22-28 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Warm Winter Night >=14°C) Winter Heating Load Hot Semi-Arid / Tropical Savanna (BSh)

Summer DLI: 50-58
Winter DLI: 50-58 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 22-28

24.7°N

Al-Kharj / Riyadh Oasis, Saudi Arabia

60-70 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 25-30 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Desert Winter) Winter Heating Load Hyper-Arid Desert (BWh)

Summer DLI: 60-70
Winter DLI: 60-70 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 25-30

24.2°N

Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

58-68 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 26-32 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Desert Winter >=12°C) Winter Heating Load Hyper-Arid Desert (BWh)

Summer DLI: 58-68
Winter DLI: 58-68 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 26-32

20.6°N

Querétaro (Agropark), Mexico

46-54 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 26-32 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Mild Mountain Winter) Winter Heating Load High-Altitude Subtropical (Cwb, 1,900m)

Summer DLI: 46-54
Winter DLI: 46-54 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 26-32

11.9°N

Đà Lạt, Central Highlands, Vietnam

32-38 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 30-36 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Perennial Spring Climate) Winter Heating Load Subtropical Highland (Cwb, 1,500m)

Summer DLI: 32-38
Winter DLI: 32-38 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 30-36

4.7°N

Bogotá Savanna, Colombia

30-36 (12h constant) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 30-36 (12h constant) Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Night Frost Protection ~2-4°C) Winter Heating Load Subtropical Highland (Cfb, 2,600m Equator)

Summer DLI: 30-36 (12h constant)
Winter DLI: 30-36 (12h constant) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 30-36 (12h constant)

4.5°N

Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia

28-34 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 28-34 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Zero (Constant 14-22°C Year-Round) Winter Heating Load Equatorial Mountain Rain (Af/Cfb, 1,500m)

Summer DLI: 28-34
Winter DLI: 28-34 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 28-34

0.0°N

Cayambe, Pichincha, Ecuador

35-42 (Extreme UV Index) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 35-42 (Extreme UV Index) Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Constant 6-8°C Night) Winter Heating Load Equatorial Alpine (Cfb, 2,850m Zero Latitude)

Summer DLI: 35-42 (Extreme UV Index)
Winter DLI: 35-42 (Extreme UV Index) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 35-42 (Extreme UV Index)

0.7°S

Lake Naivasha (Rift Valley), Kenya

38-44 (12h Day) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 38-44 (12h Day) Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Moderate (Geothermal Steam Direct Injection) Winter Heating Load Highland Equatorial (Cfb, 1,900m)

Summer DLI: 38-44 (12h Day)
Winter DLI: 38-44 (12h Day) Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 38-44 (12h Day)

30.2°S

Guyra (New England Plateau), NSW, Australia

46-54 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) High (Sub-Zero Winter Nights -5°C) Winter Heating Load Temperate Highland (Cfb, 1,330m)

Summer DLI: 46-54
Winter DLI: 46-54 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 16-22

33.9°S

Stellenbosch / Boland, Western Cape, South Africa

48-56 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low-Moderate (Mild Winter 5-8°C Min) Winter Heating Load Mediterranean Oceanic (Csb)

Summer DLI: 48-56
Winter DLI: 48-56 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20

34.7°S

Adelaide Plains (Virginia), South Australia

52-62 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Low (Gas/Biomass Peaking) Winter Heating Load Hot-Summer Mediterranean (Csa)

Summer DLI: 52-62
Winter DLI: 52-62 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 14-20

37.2°S

Pukekohe, Auckland Region, New Zealand

44-52 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 10-15 Winter Minimum DLI (mol/m²/d) Moderate (Mild Oceanic Winter 6-9°C Min) Winter Heating Load Oceanic Temperate (Cfb)

Summer DLI: 44-52
Winter DLI: 44-52 Summer Peak DLI (mol/m²/d) 10-15