Recirculating hydroponic drainage without adequate sterilization risks catastrophic systemic infection by waterborne pathogens such as *Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)*, *Pythium ultimum*, and *Fusarium oxysporum*. Delivering an accurate UV-C fluence dose ($\ge 250\text{ mJ/cm}^2$ at $254\text{ nm}$) provides reliable $99.999\%$ (5-log) pathogen elimination without generating toxic chemical byproducts.
1. The Chick-Watson Disinfection Model
\ln(N / N_0) = -k_{uv} \times I_{dose}^n \times t
Where water optical transmissivity ($UVT\%$) governs the depth of UV-C photon penetration across the quartz sleeve.
2. Interactive UV-C Calculation Tool
Size your UV-C reactor power and compute log-reduction using our online tool: