The response of C3 crops (tomatoes, sweet peppers, cucumbers) to elevated atmospheric CO₂ is governed by the Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) biochemical model. Elevating greenhouse CO₂ from ambient $400\text{ ppm}$ to $800–1,000\text{ ppm}$ competitively suppresses Rubisco oxygenation (photorespiration), increasing net assimilation rate ($A_{net}$) by up to $38\%$.

1. The FvCB Mathematical Formulation

A_{net} = \min(A_c, A_j, A_p) - R_d

Where $A_c$ is the Rubisco-limited carboxylation velocity and $A_j$ is the RuBP regeneration rate driven by electron transport ($J$).

2. Interactive Photosynthesis Simulator

Simulate net CO₂ assimilation rates and Rubisco saturation curves online:

🍃 Launch Farquhar Engine